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WEB ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK

UNIT – I

TWO MARKS

1. What is Web?

It has number of Applications that works on network platform for information sharing, interoperability, user-centered design and collaboration etc.

2. Define the Conversation.

The interaction between the User and the Web Application is called as Conversation.

3. What are the types of Conversation?

Active: The information displayed can be customized according to the inputs given by the User.

Passive: The User can select the information to be presented, but he has no direct control over its volume, type or structure.

4. What is a Web Application?

It is a vehicle that acquires information, structures it, builds a packaged presentation and delivers it to the Users of Web.

5. What is a Web-based System?

When a WebApp is combined with client-server hardware, Operating Systems, network software and browsers it is called as Web-based System.

6. What are Computer-based Systems?

They are a collection of executable instructions and data that provide both information and functionality for end users.

7. List the attributes of WebApps.

· Network intensive

· Concurrency

· Unpredictable Load

· Performance

· Availability

· Data driven

· Content sensitive

· Continuous evolution

· Immediacy

· Security

· Aesthetics

8. What categories are evolved as a WebApp evolves?

· Information about CPI

· Specification for all the components

· E-commerce capability

· Customer monitoring

· Customer Account access capability

· Customer Service access capability

· Technical service staff access capability

9. What are the categories of WebApp?

· Informational

· Download

· Customizable

· Interaction

· User Input

· Transaction Oriented

· Service Oriented

· Portals

· Database Access

· Data Warehousing

10. Define Web Engineering.

Web Engineering proposes an agile, yet disciplined framework for building industry-quality WebApps.

11. What is meant by Agile?

It is a lightweight process that has been created to tackle the challenges that have been identified in Web engineering such as : short development life-cycle times; multidisciplinary development teams; delivery of bespoke solutions comprising software and data.

12. What is a WebApp Increment?

A WebApp Increment delivers selected content and functionality to the end user. Later increments expand on the content and functionality delivered until the completed WebApp is deployed.

13. What is a WebE Framework?

A framework establishes the foundation for a complete web engineering process by identifying a small number of framework activities that are applicable to all WebApp projects, regardless of their size and complexity.

14. Define Framework Activity.

It is populated by a set of WebE actions that is a collection of tasks that produces a work product.

15. List out the WebE activities that are part of a generic framework.

· Communication

· Planning

· Modeling

· Construction

· Deployment

16. Define the meaning of software engineering.

It is a philosophy, incorporating a process, a collection of methods and a tool set that has been adopted wherever software is built.

17. What are the layers of software engineering?

· Quality Focus

· Process

· Methods

· Tools

18. Mention the components of Web Engineering.

The best practices and process flow of software engineering that adapts and distills to the special attributes of WebApps.

19. What are the WebE methods within the process Framework?

· Communication Methods

· Requirement Analysis

· Design Methods

· Construction Methods

· Testing Methods

20. Write any four best practices of Web Engineering.

· Understand business needs and product objectives

· Develop Usage Scenario

· Develop a project plan

· Develop modeling

· Review the consistency and quality of the models

· Tools and technology that supports reusability

· Reuse instead of reinvent

· Design comprehensive tests and execute

21. What is the purpose of using WebE process framework?

It provides the ability to gain an understanding of what the problem is both in terms of context and technology. So that the work can be refined or adapted the basic process to meet the specific needs of the actual problem.

22. Who are called as Stakeholders and define their role.

A Stakeholder is any person who has a vested interest in the WebApp. They may be actively participating in defining requirements, managing the business aspects of a project using the WebApp or developing the WebApp itself.

23. List the WebE actions that characterize the WebE process- Communication.

· Formulation

· Elicitation

· Negotiation

24. Define Formulation

It is used to define the business and organizational context of the WebApp.

25. Define Elicitation.

It is a requirements gathering activity that involves all stakeholders.

26. Define Negotiation.

It is reconciling the differences between various stakeholders for the project.

27. How the framework can be refined?

In some cases, the framework activity is conducted informally. In others a distinct set of actions will be defined and conducted by team members. When an action is complex, it may be further refined into a set of WebE tasks.

28. How should the communication activity be refined?

· Identify business stakeholders

· Identify user categories

· Formulate the business context

· Define key business goals & objectives

· Identify the problem

· Define Informational and applicative goals

· Gather requirements

· Develop Usage Scenarios

29. Differentiate Agile and Adaptive Planning.

Agile: A single, team-oriented meeting in which all WebE team members assist in planning.

Adaptive: Things happen, and as a consequence, the plan may have to be modified as the WebApp Increment is engineered.

30. What is modeling?

Modeling is an activity that creates one or more conceptual representations of some aspect of the WebApp to be built that encompasses one or more : written documents, sketches, schematic diagrams, graphical models, written scenarios, paper or executable prototypes or code.

31. What are the two main WebE actions of Modeling?

· Analysis

· Design.

32. Define Analysis.

It examines stakeholder requirements using information gathered during the communication activity as a starting point. And also, it focuses on WebApp content, modes of interaction, functionality and the technical configuration.

33. Define Design.

Design is a WebE activity that produces a model or representation that exhibits firmness, commodity and delight.

34. How the quality of an Increment is is ensured?

The focus of Quality Assurance is to ensure firmness, commodity and delight will be the outcome, when an increment is deployed.

35. What do you meant by firmness, commodity and delight?

Firmness: A WebApp should not have any bugs that inhibit its function.

Commodity: A WebApp should be suitable for the purposes for which it was intended.

Delight: The experience of using the WebApp should be a pleasurable one.

36. List out the all of the aspects of Design.

· Interface Design

· Aesthetic Design

· Content Design

· Navigation Design

· Architecture Design

· Component Design

37. What are all the activities called as Umbrella Activities?

· Change Management

· Quality Assurance

· Risk Management

· Project Management

38. How should a WebE team manage changes?

Change requests can be queued for assessment and action after the increment is deployed.

39. How is Risk managed?

Risk identification is done throughout the WebE process. Whenever any stakeholder identifies something that might go wrong, it is recorded for discussion and action.

40. What are the two ways to manage the High-Impact risks?

· Reactive management

· Proactive management

41. What is Reactive management?

The does nothing about risks until something goes wrong.

42. What is Proactive management?

Potential risks are identified, their probability and impact is assessed, and they are ranked by importance.

UNIT – II

TWO MARKS

1. What are the two things used to understand the models to be built?

· The process being followed

· The product to be developed

2. What is an Application State? Give an example.

An application state is an externally observable characterization of the condition of the application.

For example, the state of an airline reservation application might have a user logged in, with a completely selected flight, but no confirmation or payment.

3. Define Business Model?

Business model defines both strategic and tactical mechanisms that enable a business to attract customers, produce and sell products and generate revenue.

4. What is meant by abstract level?

An abstraction level refers to the level of product or technical detail that is represented for a WebApp.

5. What are modeling frameworks?

6. They provide clarification of the set of models that might be used in web engineering. It suggests about the model types, the frameworks often aim to establish terms and concepts that are relevant.

7. What does the Zachman Framework contain?

It has framework models represented in 2-dimension table.

First dimension describes the perspectives of stakeholders of the application.

Second dimension presents six questions like: What (data), How (function), Where (location), Who (people), When (time) and Why (motivation).

8. What are the things that to be accommodated by the modeling frameworks for web?

Open and modularized architecture for web

Increased emphasis on the quality of user interface

Reusable information and components

9. Name the modeling framework for web and who developed this?

Web Application Architecture Framework (WAAF) developed by David Lowe, Xiayong Kong and Li Liu.

10. What is WAAF framework?

The WAAF framework provides an indication of which models or work products are appropriate for which purpose and audience.

11. What are the tasks for Analysis modeling?

· Decide whether a requirement model is needed

· Represent WebApp content

· Identify content relationships

· Refine and extend user scenarios

· Review user scenarios

· Create an interaction model for complex scenarios

· Identify functions

· Define constraints and performance requirements

· Identify database requirements

12. What are the tasks for Design modeling?

· Design the aesthetic for WebApp

· Design the Interface

· Design Navigation scheme

· Design WebApp architecture

· Design content structure that supports it

· Design functional components

· Design security and privacy mechanisms

· Review the design

13. Define Modeling Language.

Modeling language incorporates a set of notations, terms, and/or symbols as well as the rules for establishing associations between them. It has a formally structured representation and graphical elements.

14. What are the two types of modeling languages?

· A very rich language capable of a diversity of modeling

· A range of different languages , each specialized for a particular purpose

15. What capabilities should exist to model functionality?

· Integration and connectivity

· Pattern modeling

· Concepts in a technology-neutral fashion

· Sophisticated system functionality

16. What capabilities should exist to model Information content?

· Presentation level concepts

· Navigational structure and behavior

· User interactions with the information

· User roles and user groups

· Content

17. What generic capabilities should exist in a modeling language?

· Business domain concepts

· Business models with the technical architecture

· Link information with functionality

· System integrity

· Understanding and communication

· Web system life cycle management

18. What is Modeling Language Gap Analysis?

It is a checklist which has requirements for a modeling language and different modeling approaches along with the result that the requirements are met or partially met.

19. What are the size – related factors that emphasizes the degree of analysis modeling?

· Size and complexity of WebApp

· Number of Stakeholders

· Size of WebE team

· Degree to which members worked together before

· Degree to which organization’s success directly depends on success of WebApp

20. What is a Prototype?

A prototype is a stripped down version of one or more aspects of the WebApp increment.

21. Differentiate analysis and design.

Analysis used to find out the requirements of a WebApp

Design used to understand the costs of construction that is cost of implementing a requirement.

22. How do we analyze requirements? Or how analysis modeling can be performed?

By identifying solutions for following issues:

· Inputs

· Outputs

· Analysis Tasks to be carried out

· Tools to be used

23. What are the inputs to analysis modeling?

· Stakeholders and User categories

· Business context

· Defined informational & applicative goals

· General WebApp requirements

· Usage scenarios

24. What are the outputs from analysis modeling?

· Content model

· Interaction model

· Functional model

· Configuration model

25. Define Content model.

It identifies the full spectrum of content to be provided by the WebApp. It includes text, graphics and images, video and audio data.

(OR)

A representation that provides a clear indication of the content that is required to support a usage scenario.

26. Define Interaction Model.

It describes the manner in which users interact with the WebApp.

27. Define Functional Model.

It defines the operations that will be applied to WebApp content and describes other processing functions that are independent of content but necessary to the end user.

28. Define Configuration model.

It describes the environment and infrastructure in which the WebApp resides.

29. What tools are used to develop models?

· UML tools

· Prototyping tools

· Issue Tracking tools

· Content Management tools

30. What are the structural elements of content model?

· External Entities: Produce / consume information to be used by the WebApp

· Things:

· Occurrences / Events

· Roles

· Organizational Units

· Places

· Structures

31. Define an analysis class.

An analysis class encompasses attributes that describes it, operations that effect behavior required of the class, collaborations that allow class to communicate with other classes.

32. What are Attributes of an Analysis Class?

Attributes define an analysis class. They clarify what the class means in the context of the problem space.

33. What are operations of analysis class?

Operations define the behavior of the analysis class.

34. What are collaborations of analysis class?

Collaborations identify relationships between classes. A class can fulfill a responsibility by collaborating with other classes.

35. List the four broad categories of operations.

· Manipulating content

· Performs computation

· Inquire state of an object

· Occurrence of a controlling event

36. What is a subsystem / an architectural element?

Collaborated classes to achieve some requirement are organized into an architectural element or subsystem during design.

37. What is the purpose of Usecases?

It describes the ways in which users will interact with the WedApp and they implicitly captures the exchange value between different users.

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